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Double Concerto (Brahms)
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The Double Concerto in A minor, Op. 102, by Johannes Brahms is a concerto for violin, cello and orchestra. The orchestra consists of flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons, horns (4), trumpets, timpani and strings.
== Origin of the work ==
The Double Concerto was Brahms' final work for orchestra. It was composed in the summer of 1887, and first performed on 18 October of that year in the Gürzenich in Köln, Germany.〔(Cheltenham Symphony Orchestra: program notes )〕 Brahms approached the project with anxiety over writing for instruments that were not his own.〔He disguised his reservations with joyless joking in his letter to Clara Schumann: "...I have had the amusing idea of writing a concerto for violin and cello. If it is at all successful it might give us some fun. You can well imagine the sort of pranks one might play in such a case," he wrote, adding "I ought to have handed on the idea to some who knows the violin better than I do." Litzmann, ''Schumann/Brahms Letters'' 8/1887, quoted by Jan Swafford, ''Johannes Brahms: a biography'' 1997:539.〕 He wrote it for the cellist Robert Hausmann, a frequent chamber music collaborator,〔For Hausmann he had written the Second Cello Sonata the previous summer.〕 and his old but estranged friend, the violinist Joseph Joachim. The concerto was, in part, a gesture of reconciliation towards Joachim, after their long friendship had ruptured following Joachim's divorce from his wife Amalie.〔"This concerto is a work of reconciliation— Joachim and Brahms have spoken to each other again for the first time in years", Clara Schumann noted in her journal after a rehearsal in Baden-Baden in September 1887.〕 (Brahms had sided with Amalie in the dispute.)
The concerto makes use of the musical motif A-E-F, a permutation of F-A-E, which stood for a personal motto of Joachim, ''Frei aber einsam'' ("free but lonely"). Thirty-four years earlier, Brahms had been involved in a collaborative work using the F-A-E motif in tribute to Joachim: the F-A-E Sonata of 1853.
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